In spite of the fact that majority of Muslims, relying on religious and rational evidences, have a negative outlook toward hadith falsification and attributing false words and deeds to the Infallible Imams, peace be upon them, however their hadith sources show that they did not regard it seriously.The author of the present paper classifies the hadith forgers into two groups, one group are those who forge hadith with worldly purposes and the second group are those who do this with religious purposes and investigates their evidences.He also explains about some concepts concerning the phenomenon of FORGING hadith such as: definition of forged hadith; religious judgment on FORGING hadith; evidences of those who are in favor of FORGING hadith including good intention, guiding people, and administering justice.

Since the onset of the Enlightenment in the early 18th century, and the subsequent establishment of museums, galleries, and private collections, the acquisition of cultural artifacts to populate these institutions became imperative. However, this period also witnessed the emergence of counterfeit works, crafted in collaboration with specialists across various disciplines. A crucial inquiry arises regarding the identification of the methods and techniques employed by forgers, the recent surge in counterfeit production, and the detrimental impact of such works on archaeological studies and museum activities. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive examination of counterfeit works, tracing their origins in Iran, elucidating the typology of counterfeit objects, detailing the methods of forgery, and analyzing their dissemination to target audiences. Through a combination of library research and field studies, this investigation reveals that counterfeit works exploit historical and cultural significance, often leveraging contemporary scientific knowledge. The lack of precise discernment by target groups regarding these counterfeit works has facilitated their creation and distribution across three primary levels: 1) individuals seeking to amass wealth, 2) domestic enthusiasts of historical and cultural artifacts, and 3) galleries and foreign museums

Given the factuality of the undesirable phenomenon of hadith FORGING in Islamic history and its damaging disadvantages for believers' thought and behavior that is a kind of sacrificing peoples' faith for the worldly and non-worldly benefits of some individuals or groups, each of the Islamic sects from the first tried to acquit themselves from that and charge others for it. Unfortunately in this field, the Shi'a had been more accused of hadith FORGING by some Islamic sects. In this paper, by referring to authentic sources and examining the existent evidences, it is tried to demonstrate that: are there some starters for hadith FORGING? And if there are, who are they?The result is that one cannot easily find specific starters for hadith FORGING in Islamic history, although one can distinguish some groups that add fuel it and certainly, despite of some Sunni scholars, the Shi'a are not from amongst.

In the present investigation, an artificial neural network (ANN) model is developed to predict the isothermal hot FORGING behavior of AlCuMgPb aluminum alloy. The inputs of the ANN are deformation temperature, frictional factor, ram velocity and displacement whereas the FORGING force, barreling parameter and final shape are considered as the output variable. The developed feed-forward back-propagation ANN model is trained with Leven berg– Marquardt learning algorithm. Since the finite element (FE) simulation of the process is a time-consuming procedure, the ANN has been designed and the outputs of the FE simulation of the hot FORGING are used for training the network and then, the network is employed for prediction of the behavior of the output parameters during the isothermal FORGING process. Experimental data is compared with the FE predictions to verify the model accuracy. The performance of the ANN model is evaluated using a wide variety of standard statistical indices. Results show that the ANN model can efficiently and accurately predict isothermal hot FORGING behavior of AlCuMgPb alloy. Finally the extrapolation ability and noise sensitivity of the ANN model are also investigated. It is found that the extrapolation ability is very high in the proximity of the training domain, and the noise tolerance ability very robust.

An analytical solution for FORGING processes using an elemental upper bound method was given in this paper. The analysis was carried out by dividing the cross section into some standard pre-defined elements. For each of these elements the velocity field was defined. When the cross section was divided into the elements, using the cinematically admissible velocity field of each element the boundary conditions the general cinematically admissible velocity field for the deforming region was completely defined. Using the general cinematically admissible velocity field upper bound solutions were arrived at for both plane strain and ax symmetric FORGING processes. For the case of plane strain FORGING processes rectangular and trapezoidal elements were employed. Ring type elements of triangular and square cross sections were used for the analysis of ax symmetric FORGING problems. In this work the velocity fields were improved by modifying the previous work equations. Based on the above theory a COMPUTER program was written with the use of which simulation of both plane strain and ax symmetric FORGINGs were presented. The influence of different process parameters such as friction factor, flash and geometrical dimensions were considered. The results obtained from this work were compared with previous work and improvements were observed.

Thriving at work is an emerging phenomenon in recent times, which is defined as a psychological state in which individuals experience both the senses of vitality and learning. Researchers and practitioners are looking for ways to enhance the employee’s thriving at work, because it is associated with behavioral outcomes. The objective of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of contextual factors including organizational support, fairness perception, supervisor support, and civility at workplace on the employee’s thriving at work. Furthermore, it also looks upon the impact of individual differences like proactive personality on the employee’s thriving. The empirical findings have been drawn through a survey questionnaire using purposive sampling technique from employees of different organizations. The study discusses the results and draws several insights on the employee’s thriving at the workplace. The study also provides implication for theory and practice. Limitations and future research directions have also been discussed.

FORGING Industry Supply Chain involves various actors and acts as Industry Intermediate providing various products for downstream industrial customers. This study aims to analyze supply chain performance and recommend improvement strategy at FORGING Industry. This study applied supply chain operation reference (SCOR) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to analyze supply chain performance. A SWOT analysis assisted to improve supply chain performance. The data was validated at PT ABC and PT XYZ as two focal company in supply chain operations of FORGING industry. The results show that the supply chain performance at PT. ABC 99.42% and 99.05% in 2019 and 2020, respectively.  PT. XYZ showed supply chain performance score as 96.60% and 97.52% in 2019 and 2020, respectively. This study has succeeded in formulating efforts to improve the supply chain performance, namely: producing quality goods according to domestic market specifications, maintaining good relations with suppliers or outsourcing, improving services using high technology.